Vehicle emissions testing is the bottom rung of the logic ladder. In exchange for the minuscule $9 testing fee, government officials are willing to force elderly, immune compromised and other citizens ...

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used extensively throughout the world. Over time, they have advanced to become more user-friendly, efficient, smaller, and less expensive. Different types of ...

When a PLC is used primarily to replace relays, timers, and counters, it's hard to beat the simplicity and usefulness of ladder diagram programming. Their ability to accept programming in ladder ...