Precisely formulated gas mixtures with known concentrations of particular target gases are referred to as calibration gas standards. To guarantee the accuracy of gas concentration measurements, almost ...

Oil field operators can use several practical equations for calculating flow rates of natural gas through venturi gas-lift valves. For critical flow, this analysis derived such equations from a ...

Industrial and chemical processes ranging from brewing to polymerization depend on delivery of accurate quantities of gases or liquids. It is possible to measure rates of delivery in terms of either ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...