The authors argue that population structure per se is not a problem in genome-wide association studies — the true sources are the environment and the genetic background, and the latter is greatly ...
Control for confounding is crucial in causal observational studies. However, the modelling of continuous confounders has not received much attention. This is probably because in causal research the ...
Unmeasured confounding variables are a common problem in drawing causal inferences in observational studies. A theorem is given which in certain circumstances allows the researcher to draw conclusions ...
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