What does "def" above an equals sign mean? - Cross Validated
Oct 9, 2016 · This symbol is also sometimes used in place of an equal sign for equations that define the symbol on the left-hand side of the equation, to contrast them with equations in …
How to determine which variables are the most important to …
Dec 1, 2023 · Once I got the optimal number of clusters, graphical representations, and a table with the sample/cluster relations, it is time to figure out which variables are the most important …
r - Does the sign of scores or of loadings in PCA or FA have a …
Mar 6, 2014 · Sign is arbitrary; substantive meaning logically depends on the sign. You may always change the sign of any factor labelled "X" to the opposite sign, and label it then …
Is it possible to define conditional probability to avoid the ...
Mar 21, 2025 · Kolmogorov defines conditional probability for density distributions in 'foundations of the theory of probability' chapter 5 equation 1. The conditional probability or density is such …
Convention for symbols indicating statistical significance?
This question might probably also fit into Academia.SX. I'm writing my first paper in life sciences and I'm very often seeing asterisks as indicators for statistical significance (*). I'm wonderin...
variance - How would you explain covariance to someone who …
Jun 2, 2012 · Assuming you already have a scatterplot of your two variables, x vs. y, with origin at (0,0), simply draw two lines at x=mean (x) (vertical) and y=mean (x) (horizontal): using this …
How to define random slopes in GLMER? - Cross Validated
Jan 1, 2025 · I'm trying to determine the best model for my data. I know that generally the procedure should start from the random effects. But how do I have to do this process?
machine learning - How to define Precision when we have multiple ...
Feb 16, 2024 · In my problem, it is possible to have multiple predictions for a ground truth instance. How we define precision in such scenarios? For further clarification consider the …
How to interpret SHAP Values - Cross Validated
Jan 5, 2025 · As a whole, SHAP values represent the contribution of each feature to the difference between the actual prediction and the base (average) prediction. The scale of …
Meaning of "Error in contr.treatment (n = 0L) - Cross Validated
Jun 1, 2020 · Meaning of "Error in contr.treatment (n = 0L) : not enough degrees of freedom to define contrasts" when adding fixed effects to nlme?